Translating Causal Claims
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Robustness of Causal Claims
A causal claim is any assertion that invokes causal relationships between variables for ex ample that a drug has a certain e ect on preventing a disease Causal claims are es tablished through a combination of data and a set of causal assumptions called a causal model A claim is robust when it is insen sitive to violations of some of the causal as sumptions embodied in the model This pa per give...
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This article examines definitions of cause in the epidemiological literature. Those definitions describe causes as factors that make a difference to the distribution of disease or to individual health status. In philosophical terms, they are "difference-makers." I argue that those definitions are underpinned by an epistemology and a methodology that hinge upon the notion of variation, contra th...
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Inductive generalizations about the properties of kinds are based on evidence. But evidence can come either from our observations, or from the testimony of knowledgeable informants. The current study explores how we combine information from these two sources to make inductive inferences. Participants learned about a novel object category, and observed the property occur with some frequency in a...
متن کاملTranslating First-Order Causal Theories into Answer Set Programming
Nonmonotonic causal logic became a basis for the semantics of several expressive action languages. Norman McCain and Paolo Ferraris showed how to embed propositional causal theories into logic programming, and this work paved the way to the use of answer set solvers for answering queries about actions described in causal logic. In this paper we generalize these embeddings to first-order causal ...
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Social scientists often estimate models from correlational data, where the independent variable has not been exogenouslymanipulated; they alsomake implicit or explicit causal claims based on thesemodels.When can these claimsbemade?Weanswer this questionby first discussing design and estimation conditionsunderwhichmodel estimates can be interpreted, using the randomized experiment as the gold st...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Criminology & Public Policy
سال: 2013
ISSN: 1538-6473
DOI: 10.1111/1745-9133.12027